What type of real property description involves references to physical landmarks such as an iron stake?

The correct answer is based on the metes and bounds system, which is a method of describing land by outlining the boundaries and the physical characteristics of the terrain. This system uses specific measurements (metes) and established features (bounds) to define property lines.

In metes and bounds descriptions, references to physical landmarks such as trees, rivers, roads, and, in this case, an iron stake are common. These landmarks serve as points of reference that help to clearly outline the property’s exact dimensions and borders. This was particularly useful in areas where a grid system was not applicable and provides a highly personalized interpretation of land.

In contrast, other methods, such as lot and block, utilize a plat map to identify land parcels, while the rectangular survey system divides land into tiers and ranges rather than depending on physical features. The geographic description is not a formal method and does not specify boundaries as effectively as metes and bounds do. Thus, metes and bounds is the most accurate descriptor for a property established through physical landmarks.